俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京接受新華社專訪
Xinhua’s Interview with Putin
俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京日前接受了新華社的書面專訪。
Russian President Vladimir Putin took a written interview with Xinhua.
以下為專訪全文：
The following is the full text of the interview:
問(wèn)：今年5月，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平對(duì)俄羅斯進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)并出席紀(jì)念蘇聯(lián)偉大衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利80周年慶典，訪問(wèn)取得圓滿成功。不久后，您也將前往中國(guó)出席上海合作組織天津峰會(huì)、中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利80周年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)：您對(duì)此行有何期待？十余年來(lái)，您和習(xí)近平主席密切交往，為兩國(guó)關(guān)系不斷向前發(fā)展領(lǐng)航定向。在您的眼中，習(xí)近平主席是一位什么樣的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人？
Question 1: In May this year, President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Russia and took part in the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War – a visit that proved highly successful. Your own visit to China is expected shortly. What are your expectations for the upcoming visit? Over the past decade, you and President Xi have maintained close contacts, shaping and guiding the steady development of bilateral relations. How would you describe President Xi Jinping as a leader?
答：的確，我們的朋友、中華人民共和國(guó)主席習(xí)近平今年5月對(duì)俄羅斯的訪問(wèn)取得圓滿成功，在國(guó)際上引起廣泛反響，并在我國(guó)獲得最高贊譽(yù)。此次訪問(wèn)恰逢一個(gè)對(duì)我們而言神圣的日子——偉大衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利80周年，正因如此，此次訪問(wèn)對(duì)俄中關(guān)系的發(fā)展具有深遠(yuǎn)的象征意義。我們確認(rèn)了兩國(guó)人民致力于長(zhǎng)期加強(qiáng)睦鄰友好和互利合作傳統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略選擇。
Answer: Indeed, the visit of our friend, President of China Xi Jinping, to Russia in May was a resounding success, drew wide international attention and was highly regarded in our country. His arrival coincided with a date that is sacred to us, the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, thereby lending deep symbolic significance to the further development of Russian-Chinese relations. We reaffirmed the strategic choice of our peoples in favour of strengthening the traditions of good-neighbourliness, friendship, and long-term, mutually beneficial cooperation.
在莫斯科的慶典上，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人成為主賓。在最高級(jí)別的雙邊會(huì)談中，就我們兩國(guó)合作的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了富有成效的探討。最終，雙方通過(guò)了一份內(nèi)容詳實(shí)的聯(lián)合聲明，并簽署了一攬子雙邊文件。
The Chinese leader was the principal guest of honour at the celebrations in Moscow. During our high-level talks, we held a very productive discussion of key issues in cooperation between our nations. The outcome was a comprehensive joint statement and the signing of a substantial package of bilateral documents.
應(yīng)習(xí)近平主席邀請(qǐng)，我們很快將回訪中國(guó)。我非常高興再次訪問(wèn)天津。眾所周知，上海合作組織峰會(huì)將在此舉行，中國(guó)作為輪值主席國(guó)正在組織本屆峰會(huì)。我們期待，天津峰會(huì)之后，該組織將獲得更加強(qiáng)勁的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭，提升其應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前挑戰(zhàn)和威脅的能力，增進(jìn)我們共同的歐亞空間的團(tuán)結(jié)。所有這些都將有助于構(gòu)建更加公正的多極世界秩序。
Very soon, at the invitation of President Xi, I will pay a return visit to China. I look forward with great pleasure to visiting the city of Tianjin, which will host the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit under China’s presidency. We expect that the summit will give the Organisation powerful new momentum, strengthen its capacity to respond to contemporary challenges and threats, and consolidate solidarity across our shared Eurasian space. All this will help shape a fairer multipolar world order.
至于俄中會(huì)談，將在北京舉行。我很高興與習(xí)近平主席深入探討雙邊議程的各個(gè)方面，包括政治和安全領(lǐng)域協(xié)作、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人文領(lǐng)域合作。當(dāng)然，按照慣例，我們將就重要的地區(qū)和國(guó)際問(wèn)題交換意見。
As for the Russian-Chinese talks, these will take place in Beijing. I look forward to in-depth discussions with President Xi Jinping on all aspects of our bilateral agenda, including political and security cooperation, as well as economic, cultural and humanitarian ties. And, as always, we will exchange views on pressing regional and international issues.
在北京，我們還將緬懷我們父輩、祖父輩和曾祖父輩的豐功偉績(jī)，他們共同擊敗了日本軍國(guó)主義，從而結(jié)束了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。我們將緬懷那些用鮮血鑄就兩國(guó)人民戰(zhàn)友兄弟情誼、捍衛(wèi)我們國(guó)家自由、獨(dú)立和自主發(fā)展權(quán)利的先烈們。
In Beijing, we will also pay tribute to the shared act of heroism of our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, who together defeated militarist Japan, thereby bringing the Second World War to its final conclusion. We will honour the memory of those who sealed with their blood the brotherhood of our peoples, defended the freedom and independence of our states, and secured their right to sovereign development.
習(xí)近平主席高度珍視本國(guó)歷史，我從與他的個(gè)人交往中了解到這一點(diǎn)。他是一位真正的世界大國(guó)領(lǐng)袖，一位具有戰(zhàn)略思維和全球視野、始終將國(guó)家利益放在首位的意志堅(jiān)定的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。在國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)生復(fù)雜變化的時(shí)刻，由這樣的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人掌舵，對(duì)中國(guó)至關(guān)重要。中華人民共和國(guó)主席正在為全世界樹立榜樣，展現(xiàn)當(dāng)今世界可以且應(yīng)該如何與外國(guó)伙伴進(jìn)行相互尊重和平等的對(duì)話。俄羅斯高度贊賞中國(guó)國(guó)家主席真誠(chéng)希望全面發(fā)展與我國(guó)的全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系。
President Xi Jinping treats his country’s history with utmost respect; I know this from personal communication with him. He is a true leader of a great world power, a man of strong will, endowed with strategic vision and a global outlook, and unwavering in his commitment to national interests. It is of exceptional importance for China that such a person stands at the helm at this challenging, pivotal moment in international affairs. The President of China sets an example for the entire world of what a respectful and equitable dialogue with foreign partners can and should be today. In Russia, we deeply value the Chinese leader’s genuine commitment to advancing our comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation.
問(wèn)：中國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)分別作為二戰(zhàn)亞洲和歐洲主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，為贏得世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利付出了巨大犧牲、作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。您認(rèn)為在當(dāng)前國(guó)際局勢(shì)下，銘記這一勝利有怎樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義？面對(duì)國(guó)際上一些勢(shì)力歪曲歷史真相的企圖，中俄兩國(guó)應(yīng)如何合作捍衛(wèi)共同的歷史記憶？
Question 2: China and the Soviet Union, as the principal battlegrounds of the Second World War in Asia and Europe, bore enormous sacrifices and made a significant contribution to victory in the global fight against fascism. In your view, what is the relevance of preserving the memory of that Victory in today’s complex international environment? How should China and Russia jointly defend their shared historical memory at a time when some forces on the international stage are attempting to distort historical truth?
答：正如我剛才所說(shuō)，今年我們與中國(guó)朋友共同慶祝偉大衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利和軍國(guó)主義日本投降80周年，后者標(biāo)志著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束。
Answer: As I have already noted, this year, together with our Chinese friends, we commemorate the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War and the capitulation of militarist Japan, which marked the end of the Second World War.
蘇聯(lián)和中國(guó)人民首當(dāng)其沖，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中承受了最慘重、數(shù)量最多的人員傷亡。我們兩國(guó)人民在抗擊侵略者的斗爭(zhēng)中付出了巨大的犧牲，并在戰(zhàn)勝納粹主義和軍國(guó)主義的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。這些殘酷的考驗(yàn)清晰地展現(xiàn)并鞏固了兩國(guó)友好互助的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，為現(xiàn)代俄中關(guān)系奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
The peoples of the Soviet Union and China bore the brunt of the fighting and suffered the heaviest losses. It was our citizens who endured the greatest hardships in the struggle against the invaders and played a decisive role in defeating Nazism and militarism. Through those severe trials, the finest traditions of friendship and mutual assistance were forged and strengthened – traditions that today form a solid foundation for Russian-Chinese relations.
還記得，早在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前，也就是上世紀(jì)30年代，當(dāng)日本背信棄義地挑起對(duì)中國(guó)的武裝沖突時(shí)，蘇聯(lián)就向中國(guó)人民伸出了援助之手。數(shù)千名蘇聯(lián)職業(yè)軍官作為軍事顧問(wèn)，為中國(guó)軍隊(duì)的建設(shè)和軍事行動(dòng)的開展提供了咨詢支持。蘇聯(lián)飛行員也與中國(guó)戰(zhàn)友并肩作戰(zhàn)，英勇抗擊侵略者。
I would remind you that even before the full-scale outbreak of the Second World War, in the 1930s, when Japan treacherously launched a war of aggression against China, the Soviet Union extended a helping hand to the Chinese people. Thousands of our career officers served as military advisers, assisting in strengthening the Chinese army and providing guidance in combat operations. Soviet pilots also fought bravely alongside their Chinese brothers-in-arms.
1937年10月至1941年6月，蘇聯(lián)向中國(guó)提供了總計(jì)1235架飛機(jī)、數(shù)千門火炮、數(shù)萬(wàn)挺機(jī)槍以及彈藥、裝備和補(bǔ)給。其主要運(yùn)輸路線是經(jīng)由中亞通往中國(guó)新疆的陸路走廊，蘇聯(lián)專家在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)修建了一條公路，以確保物資供應(yīng)不間斷。
Between October 1937 and June 1941, the Soviet Union supplied China with 1,235 aircraft, thousands of artillery pieces, tens of thousands of machine guns, as well as ammunition, equipment, and supplies. The principal route was an overland corridor through Central Asia to China’s Xinjiang Province, where Soviet specialists built a road in record time to ensure uninterrupted deliveries.
歷史事實(shí)無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯地證明了當(dāng)年戰(zhàn)斗的規(guī)模和慘烈程度。我們銘記著名的“百團(tuán)大戰(zhàn)”的偉大意義，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨軍隊(duì)從日本占領(lǐng)下解放了擁有500萬(wàn)人口的土地。我們也記得蘇聯(lián)士兵和指揮員在哈桑湖和哈拉哈河與日本的軍事沖突中取得的無(wú)與倫比的成果。1939年夏天，我們傳奇統(tǒng)帥格奧爾吉·朱可夫在蒙古草原贏得了他的第一次輝煌勝利，這實(shí)際上拉開了未來(lái)?yè)魸亓?東京-羅馬軸心國(guó)的序幕。而在1945年，蘇聯(lián)紅軍在中國(guó)東北的戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)攻行動(dòng)為解放該地區(qū)發(fā)揮了決定性作用，徹底改變了遠(yuǎn)東局勢(shì)，并最終使軍國(guó)主義日本的投降成為必然。
The historical record leaves no doubt as to the scale and ferocity of those battles. We remember the great significance of the famous Hundred Regiments Offensive, when Chinese Communist forces liberated a territory with a population of five million from Japanese occupation. We also recall the unparalleled feats of Soviet troops and commanders in their clashes with Japan at Lake Khasan and the Khalkhin Gol River. In the summer of 1939, our legendary commander Georgy Zhukov won his first major victory in the Mongolian steppes, which in effect foreshadowed the later defeat of the Berlin-Tokyo-Rome Axis. In 1945, the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation played a decisive role in liberating northeast China, dramatically altering the situation in the Far East and making the capitulation of militarist Japan inevitable.
當(dāng)然，俄羅斯永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記，正是中國(guó)的英勇抵抗，成為阻止日本在1941年至1942年進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)、對(duì)我們背后捅刀的決定性因素之一，那幾年是我們十分艱難的時(shí)期。這使得蘇聯(lián)紅軍得以集中力量打敗納粹德國(guó)、解放歐洲。兩國(guó)之間的密切協(xié)作也成為反希特勒聯(lián)盟形成的重要因素，有助于中國(guó)成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)國(guó)，也推動(dòng)圍繞戰(zhàn)后世界秩序問(wèn)題進(jìn)行建設(shè)性討論，并促進(jìn)反殖民主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展。
In Russia, we will never forget that China’s heroic resistance was one of the crucial factors that prevented Japan from stabbing the Soviet Union in the back during the darkest months of 1941-1942. This enabled the Red Army to concentrate its efforts on crushing Nazism and liberating Europe. Close cooperation between our two countries was also an important element in forming the anti-Hitler coalition, strengthening China as a great power, and in the constructive discussions that shaped the post-war settlement and helped to reinvigorate the anti-colonial movement.
永遠(yuǎn)緬懷那些展現(xiàn)出真正愛(ài)國(guó)主義和英勇氣概、經(jīng)受住一切考驗(yàn)、戰(zhàn)勝?gòu)?qiáng)大且殘酷敵人的同胞，這是我們的責(zé)任。我們對(duì)所有老戰(zhàn)士深表敬意，向那些為了子孫后代的自由和我們國(guó)家的獨(dú)立而英勇犧牲的人們致以深深的敬意。我們感謝中方精心保存了在為中國(guó)解放的戰(zhàn)斗中獻(xiàn)出生命的蘇聯(lián)紅軍戰(zhàn)士紀(jì)念設(shè)施。
It is our sacred duty to honour the memory of our compatriots who displayed true patriotism and courage, endured all hardships, and defeated powerful and ruthless enemies. We pay deep respect to all veterans and those who gave their lives for the freedom of future generations and the independence of our countries. We are grateful to China for its careful preservation of memorials to Red Army soldiers who gave their lives in battles for the liberation of China.
這種對(duì)歷史真誠(chéng)負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度與某些歐洲國(guó)家的情況截然不同。在那些國(guó)家，蘇聯(lián)解放戰(zhàn)士的紀(jì)念碑和墓地被野蠻褻瀆和摧毀，一些“令人不快”的歷史事實(shí)被篡改。
Such a sincere and responsible attitude towards the past stands in stark contrast to the situation in some European countries, where monuments and graves of Soviet liberators are desecrated in a barbaric manner or destroyed, and inconvenient historical facts are erased.
我們看到，在一些西方國(guó)家，二戰(zhàn)成果正在被篡改，紐倫堡法庭和東京法庭的判決被公然無(wú)視。這種危險(xiǎn)趨勢(shì)源于不愿憶起當(dāng)代西方精英的先輩們對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)世界大戰(zhàn)所承擔(dān)的直接過(guò)失，妄圖抹去其自身歷史上可恥的一頁(yè)，并意圖鼓動(dòng)復(fù)仇主義和新納粹主義。歷史真相正在被歪曲和掩蓋，以迎合政治局勢(shì)。以虛構(gòu)的所謂俄羅斯和中國(guó)威脅為借口，日本軍國(guó)主義正在復(fù)活，而包括德國(guó)在內(nèi)的歐洲，絲毫不為任何歷史相似之處而感到羞愧，反而為歐洲大陸重新軍事化制定路線。
We see that in certain Western states the results of the Second World War are de facto revised, and the verdicts of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals are openly disregarded. These dangerous tendencies stem from a reluctance to acknowledge the direct culpability of the predecessors of today’s Western elites in unleashing the world war, and the desire to erase the shameful pages of their own history, thereby encouraging revanchism and neo-Nazism. Historical truth is being distorted and suppressed to suit their current political agendas. Japanese militarism is being revived under the pretext of imaginary Russian or Chinese threats, while in Europe, including Germany, steps are being taken towards the re-militarisation of the continent, with little regard for historical parallels.
俄羅斯和中國(guó)堅(jiān)決譴責(zé)任何歪曲二戰(zhàn)歷史、美化納粹分子、軍國(guó)主義者及其仆從、復(fù)仇者和劊子手、抹黑解放者戰(zhàn)士的企圖。已載入聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章和其他國(guó)際文書中的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)成果不可動(dòng)搖，任何篡改都不可接受。這是我們與中國(guó)朋友共同的堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng)。
Russia and China resolutely condemn any attempts to distort the history of the Second World War, glorify Nazis, militarists and their accomplices, members of death squads and killers, or to defame Soviet liberators. The results of that war are enshrined in the UN Charter and other international instruments. They are inviolable and not subject to revision. This is our shared, unwavering position with our Chinese friends.
蘇中兩國(guó)人民共同抗擊德國(guó)納粹主義和日本軍國(guó)主義的經(jīng)歷對(duì)我們具有永恒的價(jià)值。我重申，中華人民共和國(guó)主席習(xí)近平出席俄羅斯紀(jì)念蘇聯(lián)偉大衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利80周年慶典具有重大和深刻的象征意義。在紀(jì)念蘇聯(lián)偉大衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利以及聯(lián)合國(guó)成立80周年之際，兩國(guó)簽署了關(guān)于進(jìn)一步深化俄中新時(shí)代全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系的聯(lián)合聲明。這份文件闡述了我們兩國(guó)對(duì)一些國(guó)家企圖摧毀人類歷史記憶、以聲名狼藉的“基于規(guī)則的秩序”取代第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后建立的世界秩序、協(xié)作與對(duì)話的基本原則的共同立場(chǎng)。
The memory of the joint struggle of the Soviet and Chinese peoples against German Nazism and Japanese militarism is an enduring value for us. I would like to reiterate that the participation of President Xi Jinping in Russia’s commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory carried profound symbolic importance. To mark the 80th anniversary of the USSR’s Victory in the Great Patriotic War, China’s Victory in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and the founding of the United Nations, we signed a Joint Statement on Further Deepening the China-Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination for a New Era. This document provides a consolidated response by our countries to attempts by certain states to dismantle humanity’s historical memory and to replace the well-established principles of world order and dialogue forged after the Second World War with the so-called “rules-based order”.
問(wèn)：近年來(lái)，中俄務(wù)實(shí)合作在能源、農(nóng)業(yè)、汽車、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等各領(lǐng)域取得積極成果并不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破，雙邊貿(mào)易額創(chuàng)新高。您如何評(píng)價(jià)當(dāng)前中俄務(wù)實(shí)合作現(xiàn)狀？您對(duì)進(jìn)一步繼續(xù)推動(dòng)中俄高質(zhì)量互利合作有何設(shè)想？
Question 3: In recent years, practical cooperation between China and Russia in such areas as energy, agriculture, automotive manufacturing and infrastructure has produced positive results and brought about new breakthroughs, while bilateral trade has reached record levels. How do you assess the current state of Chinese-Russian practical cooperation? What are your plans for further promoting high-quality, mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Russia?
答：俄中經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系達(dá)到了前所未有的高水平。自2021年以來(lái)，貿(mào)易額增長(zhǎng)約1000億美元。在雙邊貿(mào)易規(guī)模上，中國(guó)無(wú)疑是俄羅斯的第一大貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)，在中國(guó)的貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)中，俄羅斯去年位列第五。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，貿(mào)易額數(shù)字以美元等價(jià)計(jì)算，但兩國(guó)間的結(jié)算幾乎已完全轉(zhuǎn)向本幣，美元和歐元的份額已降至統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差水平。
Answer: Economic relations between Russia and China have reached an unprecedented level. Since 2021, bilateral trade has grown by about USD 100 billion. In terms of trade volume, China is by far Russia’s leading partner, while last year Russia ranked fifth among China’s foreign trade partners. I would stress that while trade figures are denominated in US dollar equivalents, transactions between Russia and China are carried out in rubles and yuan, with the dollar or euro share reduced to a statistical discrepancy.
俄羅斯在向中國(guó)出口石油和天然氣方面穩(wěn)居前列。自2019年“西伯利亞力量”輸氣管道投運(yùn)以來(lái)，“藍(lán)色燃料”累計(jì)輸送量已超1000億立方米。我們計(jì)劃于2027年投運(yùn)另一條天然氣管道，即所謂“遠(yuǎn)東干線”。在俄羅斯北極地區(qū)的液化天然氣項(xiàng)目上，雙方也在開展有效合作。
Russia firmly retains its position as a leading exporter of oil and gas to China. Since the Power of Siberia pipeline began its operation in 2019, cumulative deliveries of natural gas have already exceeded 100 billion cubic metres. In 2027, we plan to launch another major gas route, the so-called Far Eastern Route. We are also working together effectively on LNG projects in Russia’s Arctic region.
我們繼續(xù)努力降低相互貿(mào)易壁壘。近年來(lái)已實(shí)現(xiàn)俄羅斯對(duì)華豬肉和牛肉出口?？傮w而言，食品及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品已成為俄羅斯對(duì)華出口的主要貨物品類之一。
We continue our joint efforts to reduce bilateral trade barriers. In recent years, the export of pork and beef to China has been launched. Overall, agricultural and food products occupy a prominent place in Russia’s exports to China.
雙邊投資規(guī)模擴(kuò)大。去年雙方簽署了新版《俄中投資合作規(guī)劃綱要》。今年簽署了關(guān)于促進(jìn)和相互保護(hù)投資的協(xié)定。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域大型合作項(xiàng)目正在落實(shí)。
Bilateral investment volumes are growing. Last year, Russia and China agreed to an updated Plan for Bilateral Investment Cooperation. This year, a new Agreement on the Promotion and Mutual Protection of Investments has been signed. Large-scale joint projects are being implemented in priority sectors.
我們兩國(guó)在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域開展緊密合作。俄羅斯是中國(guó)汽車向全球出口的主要市場(chǎng)之一。與此同時(shí)，在俄羅斯實(shí)現(xiàn)本地化生產(chǎn)的不僅有中國(guó)汽車，還有家用電器。雙方正共同建設(shè)高科技生產(chǎn)設(shè)施及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目，在建筑材料產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域也制定了宏大的合作計(jì)劃。
Our countries are cooperating closely in industry. Russia is one of the world’s principal markets for Chinese car exports. At the same time, production is being localised in Russia not only for Chinese cars but also for household appliances. Together, we are building high-tech manufacturing and infrastructure facilities. We also have large-scale plans in the construction materials industry.
總之，我們兩國(guó)間的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、貿(mào)易往來(lái)和產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)作正在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)。在我即將進(jìn)行的訪問(wèn)期間，雙方將就互利合作的新前景和新舉措進(jìn)行深入探討，以造福俄中兩國(guó)人民。
To sum up, economic cooperation, trade and industrial collaboration between our countries are advancing across multiple areas. During my upcoming visit, we will certainly discuss further prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation and new steps to intensify it for the benefit of the peoples of Russia and China.
問(wèn)：今年是“中俄文化年”的收官之年。“中俄文化年”期間，兩國(guó)在教育、電影、戲劇、旅游、體育等領(lǐng)域廣泛合作。您如何評(píng)價(jià)中俄兩國(guó)人文交流合作成果？您對(duì)中俄未來(lái)持續(xù)推動(dòng)民心相通有何展望？
Question 4. This year marks the conclusion of the cross years of culture between China and Russia. During this period, our countries have developed extensive cooperation in education, cinema, theatre, tourism, and sports. How do you assess the results of Chinese-Russian cultural and humanitarian exchanges and cooperation? What prospects do you see for further promoting ties between the peoples of China and Russia?
答：雙邊人文交流合作廣泛開展為推動(dòng)兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。在中國(guó)舉辦“俄羅斯年”和在俄羅斯舉辦“中國(guó)年”活動(dòng)（2006－2007年）取得了巨大成功。自2009年起，兩國(guó)又舉辦了“語(yǔ)言年”“旅游年”“青年友好交流年”“媒體交流年”“地方合作交流年”“體育交流年”“科技創(chuàng)新年”等系列活動(dòng)，均引發(fā)了廣泛的社會(huì)反響。
Answer: Large-scale bilateral cultural and humanitarian initiatives make a significant contribution to fostering friendly relations. The Russian Year in China and the Chinese Year in Russia (2006-2007) were a great success. The subsequent themed years of Language, Tourism, Youth, Media, Regional Cooperation, Sport, Science and Innovation, launched successively from 2009 onwards, received broad public resonance.
當(dāng)前，俄中文化交流持續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展。雙方正穩(wěn)步落實(shí)《2030年前俄中人文合作路線圖》，其中包含100多個(gè)大型項(xiàng)目。
Today, cultural exchanges between Russia and China continue to develop dynamically. The Russia-China Roadmap for Humanitarian Cooperation until 2030, which includes more than 100 major projects, is being consistently implemented.
我愿特別指出，“俄中文化年”活動(dòng)于2024-2025年成功舉辦?！拔幕辍钡膯?dòng)是為了慶祝俄中建交75周年。豐富多彩的活動(dòng)安排在俄中兩國(guó)均引起最熱烈的社會(huì)反響。
I would particularly highlight the successful organisation of the Russia and China Years of Culture, held in 2024-2025 and timed to the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between our countries. The rich and diverse programme met with an enthusiastic response both in Russia and China.
我還要補(bǔ)充的是，俄方提議于今年9月20日舉辦“國(guó)際歌唱大賽”。中方伙伴對(duì)該項(xiàng)目表現(xiàn)出興趣，我們?yōu)榇烁械礁吲d。
I would also note that the Russian side initiated the International Song Contest Intervision, scheduled for September 20 this year, and we are pleased that our Chinese partners have shown keen interest in this project.
兩國(guó)在教育和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的合作擁有廣闊前景。當(dāng)前，雙方學(xué)術(shù)交流與高校間合作呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。如今，在俄羅斯留學(xué)的中國(guó)學(xué)生超過(guò)5.1萬(wàn)人，在中國(guó)的俄羅斯學(xué)生有2.1萬(wàn)人。順便說(shuō)一句，今年5月，我與習(xí)近平主席達(dá)成共識(shí)，決定2026-2027年在我們兩國(guó)互辦“教育年”活動(dòng)。
Education and science remain especially promising areas for cooperation. Academic mobility and inter-university contacts continue to grow. Today, more than 51,000 Chinese students are studying in Russia, while 21,000 Russian students are studying in China. In May, President Xi and I agreed that 2026-2027 will be designated as the Russia-China Years of Education.
科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域合作不斷擴(kuò)大，包括在基礎(chǔ)研究和“大科學(xué)”項(xiàng)目方面。莫斯科大學(xué)與北京大學(xué)共同牽頭建設(shè)俄中基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究院。我們支持圍繞重點(diǎn)高科技領(lǐng)域建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)驗(yàn)室與先進(jìn)研究中心，以捍衛(wèi)俄羅斯與中國(guó)的技術(shù)主權(quán)。
Cooperation in science, technology, and innovation is also expanding, including in fundamental research and megascience projects. For example, Moscow State University and Peking University plan to open a joint institute for fundamental research. We fully support the establishment of modern laboratories and advanced centres in priority high-tech fields to strengthen the technological sovereignty of Russia and China.
俄中兩國(guó)在電影制作領(lǐng)域的合作正在積極推進(jìn)。今年2月，合拍影片《紅絲綢》已在俄羅斯上映，預(yù)計(jì)該片不久后與中國(guó)觀眾見面。5月，雙方在莫斯科簽署了電影制作領(lǐng)域的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。我們相信，在不久的將來(lái)會(huì)涌現(xiàn)很多優(yōu)秀的俄中合拍電影，這些作品將向兩國(guó)人民傳遞正確的道德取向和傳統(tǒng)精神價(jià)值觀，講述重大歷史事件的真相。為此，我們啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目——“開放歐亞電影獎(jiǎng)”。這是一個(gè)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的電影平臺(tái)，其中不存在任何偏見或政治操弄。
Film production is another vibrant area of cooperation. In February, the joint Russian-Chinese adventure film Red Silk premiered in Russia, and we expect it to reach Chinese audiences soon. In May, an Action Plan for Film Production was signed in Moscow. We anticipate the release of many new Russian-Chinese films in the near future: films that will promote sound moral principles and traditional spiritual and ethical values, while presenting truthful accounts of important historical events. To this end, we have also launched a new initiative, the Open Eurasian Film Award, a unique platform for cinema, free from bias or political intrigue.
我還要談?wù)劼糜螛I(yè)這一重要領(lǐng)域。該領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)令人鼓舞：2024年雙向旅游客流增長(zhǎng)了1.5倍，達(dá)到280萬(wàn)人次。
Tourism is another important sphere I would like to note. The figures here are encouraging: by the end of 2024, mutual tourist flows had increased 2.5 times, reaching 2.8 million people.
體育領(lǐng)域合作成效顯著。我們感謝中方合作伙伴積極參與俄羅斯主辦的多項(xiàng)國(guó)際體育賽事，包括創(chuàng)新性的“未來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)”、金磚國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等。中國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)是這些賽事中規(guī)模最大的代表團(tuán)之一。我們認(rèn)為，體育應(yīng)最大限度避免政治化。
Sports cooperation has also been productive. We are grateful to our Chinese partners for their active participation in international sporting events hosted by Russia, including the innovative Games of the Future, BRICS Games, and many others. The Chinese national team was among the largest delegations at these competitions. We firmly believe that sport should remain free from any politicisation.
我們對(duì)青年工作給予特別關(guān)注。我們高度評(píng)價(jià)俄羅斯與中國(guó)主流媒體的協(xié)同合作。兩國(guó)檔案部門之間的合作也在有效推進(jìn)，旨在維護(hù)歷史真相。
Youth policy is another priority area. We highly value the coordinated work of leading Russian and Chinese media, and our cooperation between archives plays an important role in preserving historical truth.
可喜的是，雙邊人文合作正在不斷深化拓展。這無(wú)疑是兩國(guó)關(guān)系中具有戰(zhàn)略意義的方向，有利于為俄中睦鄰友好、相互理解構(gòu)建廣泛的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)。
It is encouraging that bilateral cultural and humanitarian cooperation continues to gain momentum. This is undoubtedly a strategic dimension of our relationship, helping to build a broad public base of friendship, good-neighbourliness, and mutual understanding.
問(wèn)：上海合作組織是中俄共同參與創(chuàng)建的綜合性區(qū)域合作組織，對(duì)維護(hù)亞歐大陸和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展具有重要意義。中國(guó)是上海合作組織2024－2025年輪值主席國(guó)。不久后，上海合作組織峰會(huì)將在天津舉行。您如何看待過(guò)去二十多年來(lái)，上合組織在維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定、推動(dòng)共同發(fā)展和繁榮方面發(fā)揮的建設(shè)性作用？各成員國(guó)應(yīng)在哪些方面加強(qiáng)交流合作？
Question 5: The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), jointly established by China and Russia, serves as an important platform for comprehensive regional cooperation, crucial for ensuring peace, stability, and development across the Eurasian space. China holds the rotating SCO presidency for 2024-2025, and the 25th SCO Heads of State Council meeting will soon take place in Tianjin. How do you assess the constructive role the SCO has played over more than two decades in maintaining regional peace and stability and promoting common development and prosperity? In your view, in which areas should member states further strengthen exchanges and cooperation?
答：2001年上海合作組織的成立，體現(xiàn)了俄羅斯、中國(guó)和中亞國(guó)家——哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦——致力于加強(qiáng)互信與睦鄰友好、維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定的共同愿望。
Answer: The establishment of the SCO in 2001 embodied the shared aspiration of Russia, China, and the Central Asian states – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – to build trust, friendship, and good-neighbourly relations, and to promote peace and stability in the region.
過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，上海合作組織建立了堅(jiān)實(shí)的條約法律基礎(chǔ)，完善了促進(jìn)政治、安全、貿(mào)易、投資、人文交流等領(lǐng)域有效合作的機(jī)制。印度、巴基斯坦、伊朗和白俄羅斯加入了該組織，對(duì)話伙伴和觀察員國(guó)也積極參與聯(lián)合活動(dòng)，這些國(guó)家代表了歐亞大陸的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化多樣性。
Over the years, the SCO has developed a solid legal and institutional framework, creating mechanisms that enable effective cooperation in politics, security, trade and investment, as well as cultural and humanitarian exchanges. Since then, its membership has expanded to include India, Pakistan, Iran, and Belarus, while partner and observer countries, representing the political, economic, and cultural diversity of Eurasia, are also actively engaged in joint activities.
上海合作組織如此有吸引力的秘密很簡(jiǎn)單——堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)立初衷、歡迎平等合作、不針對(duì)第三國(guó)、尊重國(guó)家特色和民族特質(zhì)。
The SCO’s appeal lies in its simple but powerful principles: a firm commitment to its founding philosophy, openness to equal cooperation, non-confrontation with third parties, and respect for the national characteristics and uniqueness of each nation.
基于這些價(jià)值觀，上海合作組織正在參與構(gòu)建更加公正的多極世界秩序，這一秩序以國(guó)際法為基礎(chǔ)，發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)中心協(xié)調(diào)作用。在歐亞大陸形成平等、不可分割的安全架構(gòu)，包括通過(guò)上海合作組織成員國(guó)之間的密切合作，是對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一全球目標(biāo)作出的重大貢獻(xiàn)。該架構(gòu)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)是“大歐亞伙伴關(guān)系”，旨在推進(jìn)各國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與區(qū)域一體化倡議對(duì)接，加強(qiáng)上海合作組織、歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟、獨(dú)立國(guó)家聯(lián)合體、東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟和其他國(guó)際組織之間的合作。
Drawing on these values, the SCO contributes to shaping a fairer, multipolar world order, grounded in international law, with the central coordinating role of the United Nations. A major element of this global vision is the creation in Eurasia of an architecture of equal and indivisible security, including through close coordination among SCO member states. We view the Greater Eurasian Partnership, linking national development strategies, regional integration initiatives, and strengthening ties among the SCO, the Eurasian Economic Union, the CIS, ASEAN, and other international organisations, as the socio-economic foundation of this architecture.
我相信，天津峰會(huì)將成為上合組織歷史上的重要里程碑。我們支持中國(guó)作為輪值主席國(guó)提出的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化上合組織內(nèi)部團(tuán)結(jié)，深化全方位合作，提升其在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上的作用。我們特別關(guān)注中方作為上海合作組織輪值主席國(guó)正在進(jìn)行的工作與俄羅斯擔(dān)任成員國(guó)政府首腦理事會(huì)輪值主席國(guó)期間采取的實(shí)際措施的同步推進(jìn)。
I am confident that the Tianjin summit, along with the SCO Plus meeting, will mark an important milestone in the SCO’s history. We fully support the priorities declared by the Chinese presidency, which focus on consolidating the SCO, deepening cooperation in all areas, and enhancing the organisation’s role on the global stage. We attach particular importance to aligning this work with the practical measures taken under Russia’s presidency of the SCO Heads of Government Council.
我期待各國(guó)共同努力，為上海合作組織及其現(xiàn)代化注入新的活力，以適應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求。
I am confident that, through our joint efforts, we will give the SCO new momentum, modernising it to meet the demands of the time.
問(wèn)：習(xí)近平主席多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，中方愿同俄方密切在聯(lián)合國(guó)、上海合作組織、金磚國(guó)家等多邊平臺(tái)的相互支持，維護(hù)好兩國(guó)發(fā)展和安全利益，團(tuán)結(jié)全球南方，推動(dòng)國(guó)際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發(fā)展。您如何評(píng)價(jià)中俄兩國(guó)在上述多邊機(jī)制下的合作？在氣候變化、人工智能治理、全球安全架構(gòu)改革等新興領(lǐng)域，您認(rèn)為中俄兩國(guó)在哪些方面可以引領(lǐng)全球治理新方向？
Question 6: As President Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasised, China is ready to work hand in hand with Russia to strengthen mutual support across multilateral platforms, including the UN, the SCO, and BRICS, to safeguard the development and security interests of both nations, unite the Global South, and promote an international order that is fairer and more rational. How do you assess cooperation between China and Russia within these multilateral frameworks? In your view, in which areas can China and Russia set new benchmarks in global governance, particularly with regard to emerging fields such as climate change, artificial intelligence governance, and reform of the global security architecture?
答：俄羅斯與中國(guó)在多邊框架下的合作是兩國(guó)關(guān)系的重要組成部分，無(wú)疑也是全球政治中的重要因素。雙方就關(guān)鍵國(guó)際議題交換意見一再證明，俄中擁有廣泛的共同利益，在原則性問(wèn)題上有相似觀點(diǎn)。我們?cè)谕苿?dòng)以“全球多數(shù)”為支柱的公正多極化世界秩序方面有共同的目標(biāo)。
Answer: Cooperation between Russia and China in multilateral formats is a key pillar of our bilateral relations and plays a major role in global affairs. Time and again, our exchanges on critical international issues have shown that Moscow and Beijing share broad common interests and strikingly similar views on fundamental questions. We are united in our vision of building a just, multipolar world order, with a focus on the nations of the Global Majority.
俄中戰(zhàn)略協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)揮著壓艙石作用。作為歐亞大陸的兩個(gè)大國(guó)，我們不能忽視當(dāng)前的挑戰(zhàn)與威脅——不管是在歐亞大陸，還是整個(gè)世界。這一主題始終存在于雙邊政治對(duì)話之中。俄羅斯關(guān)于在歐亞大陸構(gòu)建平等且不可分割的統(tǒng)一安全空間的概念性提議，與中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平提出的全球安全倡議相呼應(yīng)。
The Russia-China strategic partnership acts as a stabilising force. As the two leading powers in Eurasia, we cannot remain indifferent to the challenges and threats facing our continent and the wider world. This issue is a constant focus of our bilateral political dialogue. Russia’s concept of creating a common space of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia resonates closely with President Xi Jinping’s Global Security Initiative.
俄中在聯(lián)合國(guó)平臺(tái)的協(xié)作達(dá)到前所未有的高度，完全符合兩國(guó)全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系的精神。兩國(guó)特別重視在捍衛(wèi)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章之友小組中的工作，該小組是團(tuán)結(jié)全球南方的重要工具。其重要工作成果之一是聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)2024年12月4日通過(guò)的“鏟除殖民主義的各種表現(xiàn)形式”決議。
The interaction between Russia and China at the UN is at an unprecedentedly high level, fully reflecting the spirit of comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation. Both countries attach special importance to the Group of Friends in Defence of the UN Charter, a vital mechanism for consolidating the Global South. Among its key achievements is the resolution “Eradication of Colonialism in All Its Forms and Manifestations,” adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 4, 2024.
俄羅斯和中國(guó)支持改革聯(lián)合國(guó)，使其充分恢復(fù)權(quán)威，符合當(dāng)代現(xiàn)實(shí)。比如，我們主張通過(guò)吸納亞洲、非洲和拉丁美洲國(guó)家為成員，使聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)變得更加民主。同時(shí)，任何改革都應(yīng)經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)斟酌。
Russia and China support reform of the UN so that it fully restores its authority and reflects modern realities. In particular, we advocate for making the Security Council more democratic by including states from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Any such reforms must, however, be approached with the utmost care.
俄中緊密合作為二十國(guó)集團(tuán)和亞太經(jīng)合組織等主要經(jīng)濟(jì)平臺(tái)的工作帶來(lái)了積極變化。我們?cè)诙畤?guó)集團(tuán)框架下與志同道合的伙伴，首先是金磚國(guó)家成員，把議程重點(diǎn)放在討論“全球多數(shù)”關(guān)切的話題上，非洲聯(lián)盟加入加強(qiáng)了二十國(guó)集團(tuán)，鞏固了這一機(jī)制與金磚國(guó)家的聯(lián)系。
Close cooperation between Moscow and Beijing has positively shaped the work of leading economic forums, including the G20 and APEC. Within the G20, together with like-minded nations, and especially BRICS members, we have redirected the agenda towards issues of real importance to the Global Majority, strengthened the format by including the African Union, and deepened the synergies between the G20 and BRICS.
今年，二十國(guó)集團(tuán)由我們的南非朋友領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。我們期待在其任期結(jié)束時(shí)確認(rèn)全球南方取得的成果，并將其作為國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化的起點(diǎn)。在亞太經(jīng)合組織框架內(nèi)，中國(guó)在2026年擔(dān)任東道主將為俄中關(guān)系注入新動(dòng)力。
This year, our South African friends hold the G20 presidency. As a result of their efforts, we look forward to consolidating the Global South’s achievements and establishing them as a foundation for the democratisation of international relations. Within APEC, China’s chairmanship in 2026 is expected to give fresh impetus to Russia-China engagement.
在金磚國(guó)家框架內(nèi)，我們與中國(guó)積極合作，以增強(qiáng)該聯(lián)合體作為國(guó)際架構(gòu)核心機(jī)制之一的影響力。我們共同推進(jìn)了旨在擴(kuò)大成員經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)的倡議，包括在關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域建立共同的伙伴關(guān)系平臺(tái)。我們尤其重視為實(shí)施重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目吸引更多資金。我們共同主張進(jìn)一步提升金磚國(guó)家在解決國(guó)際地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題中的作用，展現(xiàn)出對(duì)區(qū)域和全球安全形勢(shì)的共同認(rèn)知。我們結(jié)成“統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線”反對(duì)世界貿(mào)易中的歧視性制裁，這些制裁阻礙了金磚國(guó)家成員國(guó)和整個(gè)世界的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
We are working closely with China within BRICS to expand its role as a key pillar of global architecture. Together, we advance initiatives aimed at expanding economic opportunities for member states, including the creation of common platforms for partnership in strategic sectors. We are paying special attention to mobilising additional resources for critical infrastructure projects. We stand united in strengthening BRICS’ ability to address pressing global challenges, share similar views on regional and international security, and take a common stand against discriminatory sanctions that hinder the socioeconomic development of our members and the world at large.
我們和中國(guó)朋友共同支持國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行的改革。我們一致認(rèn)為，新的金融體系應(yīng)建立在開放和真正公平的原則之上，確保所有國(guó)家無(wú)一例外地平等、無(wú)歧視地利用其工具，反映成員國(guó)在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的實(shí)際地位。重要的是，要避免將金融領(lǐng)域用于與“全球多數(shù)”根本利益相悖的新殖民主義目的。相反，我們要為造福全人類而前進(jìn)。我相信，俄羅斯和中國(guó)將繼續(xù)攜手，為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一崇高目標(biāo)而努力，為我們偉大民族的繁榮昌盛而共同奮斗。
Alongside our Chinese partners, we support the reform of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. We are united in the view that a new financial system must be based on openness and true equity, providing equal and non-discriminatory access to its tools for all countries and reflecting the real standing of member states in the global economy. It is essential to end the use of finance as an instrument of neo-colonialism, which runs counter to the interests of the Global Majority. On the contrary, we seek progress for the benefit of all humanity. I am confident that Russia and China will continue to work together towards this noble goal, aligning our efforts to ensure the prosperity of our great nations.
