全球治理倡議概念文件
Concept Paper on the Global Governance Initiative
一、背景
I. Background
2025年是聯(lián)合國(guó)成立80周年。80年前，國(guó)際社會(huì)在深刻反思兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的慘痛教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上，決定成立聯(lián)合國(guó)，開(kāi)啟了全球治理的嶄新實(shí)踐。80年來(lái)，以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系、以國(guó)際法為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)際秩序、以聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則等全球治理理念與實(shí)踐為維護(hù)世界和平與發(fā)展作出了歷史性貢獻(xiàn)。
The year 2025 marks the 80th?anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Eighty years ago, upon deep reflection on the bitter lessons of the two world wars, the international community decided to establish the United Nations,?commencing?a brand new practice in global governance. Over the past 80 years, the visions and practice of global governance,?i.e. the international system with the U.N. at its core, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter have made historic contributions to maintaining world peace and development.
當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)變亂交織，聯(lián)合國(guó)和多邊主義受到?jīng)_擊，全球治理赤字持續(xù)擴(kuò)大?，F(xiàn)行國(guó)際機(jī)制存在三大短板：一是全球南方代表性嚴(yán)重不足。新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家群體性崛起，有必要提升全球南方代表性、糾正歷史不公。二是權(quán)威性遭到侵蝕。聯(lián)合國(guó)宗旨和原則未能得到有效遵守，安理會(huì)決議受到抵制，單邊制裁等行徑違反國(guó)際法、破壞國(guó)際秩序。三是有效性亟待提升。聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程落實(shí)進(jìn)展嚴(yán)重滯后，氣候變化、數(shù)字鴻溝等問(wèn)題日益突出，人工智能、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間、外空等新疆域治理缺位。
The current international landscape?is undergoing changes and turbulence. The U.N. and multilateralism are being challenged. The deficit in global governance continues to grow. The existing international institutions have shown three deficiencies. First, serious underrepresentation?of the Global South. The collective rise of emerging markets and developing countries necessitates boosting the representation of the Global South and redressing historical injustice. Second, erosion of authoritativeness. The purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter have not been effectively observed. Resolutions of the Security Council have been challenged. Unilateral sanctions, among other practices, have violated international law and disrupted the international order. Third, urgent need for greater effectiveness. The implementation of the U.N. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is seriously lagging behind. Issues such as climate change and the digital divide are becoming more salient. Governance gaps exist in new frontiers such as artificial intelligence?(AI), cyberspace and outer space.
作為聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)和最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)定做世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者、國(guó)際秩序的維護(hù)者、公共產(chǎn)品的提供者。中國(guó)提出全球治理倡議，是要聚焦“構(gòu)建什么樣的全球治理體系，如何改革完善全球治理”這個(gè)時(shí)代課題，以維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，踐行共商共建共享的全球治理觀(guān)為基本遵循，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建更加公正合理的全球治理體系，攜手邁向人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體。
As a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council and the biggest developing country, China has all along been a staunch builder of world peace, contributor to global development, defender of the international order and provider of public goods. Focusing?on a?subject of our times, namely what kind of global governance system to build and how to reform and improve global governance, and regarding it as the fundamental guideline to?uphold the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter?and?practice?the vision of global governance featuring extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit,?China proposes the Global Governance Initiative (GGI)?to promote the building of a more just?and?equitable global governance system and?work together for a community with a shared future for humanity.
二、核心理念
II. Core Concepts
（一）堅(jiān)持主權(quán)平等。這是全球治理的首要前提。主權(quán)平等是國(guó)與國(guó)規(guī)范彼此關(guān)系最重要的準(zhǔn)則，也是聯(lián)合國(guó)及所有國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)、組織共同遵循的首要原則。主權(quán)平等，真諦在于各國(guó)無(wú)論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富，主權(quán)和尊嚴(yán)必須得到尊重，內(nèi)政不容干涉，都有權(quán)自主選擇社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路，都有權(quán)在全球治理進(jìn)程中平等參與、平等決策、平等受益。要推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化，努力使全球治理體系更多體現(xiàn)和反映大多數(shù)國(guó)家利益和訴求，提升發(fā)展中國(guó)家代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)。
1. Staying committed to?sovereign equality.?This is the foremost premise of global governance. Sovereign equality is the most important norm governing?state-to-state relations, and the foremost principle observed by the U.N. and all other international institutions and organizations. The essence of sovereign equality is that all countries, regardless of size, strength or wealth, shall have their sovereignty and dignity respected, their?domestic affairs free from external?interference, the right to independently choose their social system and development path,?and the right to participate in, make decisions in and benefit from the global governance process as equals. Greater democracy should be promoted in international relations to make the global governance system better reflect the interests and aspirations of the majority of countries and to increase the representation and say of developing countries.
（二）堅(jiān)持國(guó)際法治。這是全球治理的根本保障。聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則是公認(rèn)的國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，必須毫不動(dòng)搖加以維護(hù)。對(duì)于新興領(lǐng)域，要在廣泛共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上制定國(guó)際規(guī)則。確保國(guó)際法和國(guó)際規(guī)則平等統(tǒng)一適用，不能搞雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不能強(qiáng)加于人。要維護(hù)國(guó)際法的權(quán)威性和嚴(yán)肅性，大國(guó)尤其要帶頭做國(guó)際法治的倡導(dǎo)者和維護(hù)者。
2. Staying committed to?international rule of law.?This is the fundamental safeguard for global governance.?The purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter?are universally recognized basic norms of international relations. They must be upheld unwaveringly. In emerging areas, international rules should be formulated on the basis of extensive consensus. International law and rules must be applied equally and uniformly, without any double standards or imposition. The authority and solemnity of international law must be upheld. Major countries, in particular, must take the lead in advocating and defending international rule of law.
（三）堅(jiān)持多邊主義。這是全球治理的基本路徑?，F(xiàn)行國(guó)際體系和國(guó)際秩序的核心理念是多邊主義。要堅(jiān)持共商共建共享，全球事務(wù)由大家一起商量，治理體系由大家一起建設(shè)，治理成果由大家一起分享，不能搞單邊主義。聯(lián)合國(guó)是踐行多邊主義、推進(jìn)全球治理的核心平臺(tái)，作用只能加強(qiáng)，不能削弱。其他全球和區(qū)域多邊機(jī)制要立足自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用，避免任何歧視性、排他性安排。
3. Staying committed to?multilateralism. This is the basic pathway of global governance. Multilateralism is the core concept of the existing international system and international order. The principle of extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit?must be upheld. Global affairs should be decided by all, the governance system built by all, and the fruits of governance shared by all. Practice of unilateralism must be rejected. The U.N. is the core platform for practicing multilateralism and advancing global governance, whose role must?be enhanced, not weakened. Other global and regional multilateral institutions should give play to their respective strengths and play a constructive role. All discriminatory and exclusionary arrangements should be avoided.
（四）堅(jiān)持以人為本。這是全球治理的價(jià)值取向。各國(guó)人民是全球治理的根本參與者和受益者。只有以人民的獲得為目標(biāo)，不斷為民眾提供信心和穩(wěn)定預(yù)期，全球治理體系才能得到廣泛支持并有效運(yùn)作。要通過(guò)改革完善全球治理，以促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展為各國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更大獲得感、以更好應(yīng)對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)為各國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更大安全感、以更好促進(jìn)不同國(guó)家和群體共同利益為各國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更大幸福感。
4. Staying committed to the?people-centered approach. This is the underpinning?value of global governance. The people of all nations are the fundamental actors in global governance, and their well-being is its ultimate benefit. The global governance system?must meet the people’s needs and consistently?foster their?confidence and belief in a stable future in order to be extensively supported and effective. It must seek improvement through reforms?in order to?inspire,?among peoples?of all countries, a greater sense of fulfillment?through accelerated common development, a greater sense of safety through more effective response to?humanity’s common challenges?and a greater?sense of well-being?through advancing?the common interests of different countries and communities.?
（五）堅(jiān)持力求實(shí)效。這是全球治理的重要原則。全球治理是否管用，關(guān)鍵在于能否解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。全球治理各項(xiàng)議程緊密聯(lián)系，需要加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、系統(tǒng)謀劃、整體推進(jìn)。要標(biāo)本兼治，尋找可持續(xù)解決方案。既要立足當(dāng)前的緊迫性問(wèn)題，也要著眼今后的長(zhǎng)期性挑戰(zhàn)。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要切實(shí)履行責(zé)任，提供更多資源和公共產(chǎn)品。發(fā)展中國(guó)家也要聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)，作出力所能及的貢獻(xiàn)。
5. Staying committed to?real results. This is an important principle of global governance. Effective?global governance?is essentially one that resolves?real problems.?Given the close links among various issues,?global governance should be carried out in a more coordinated, systematic?and?holistic way. It must?address both root causes and symptoms?to?find sustainable solutions. It must both tackle?pressing issues and take into account?long-term challenges. Developed countries should earnestly take on their responsibilities and provide more resources and public goods. Developing countries, on their part,?should pull together for?strength?and do their best for the world.
三、下步行動(dòng)
III. Way Forward
全球治理倡議是繼全球發(fā)展倡議、全球安全倡議、全球文明倡議后，中國(guó)提出的又一項(xiàng)重大倡議。全球發(fā)展倡議聚焦推動(dòng)國(guó)際發(fā)展合作，全球安全倡議著眼對(duì)話(huà)協(xié)商解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端，全球文明倡議致力于促進(jìn)文明交流互鑒，全球治理倡議錨定全球治理體制機(jī)制改革的方向、原則和路徑。四大倡議各有側(cè)重，并行不悖，將從不同角度為變亂交織的世界注入更多正能量，為人類(lèi)發(fā)展進(jìn)步提供更強(qiáng)推動(dòng)力。
The GGI is another major initiative proposed by China, following the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the Global Security Initiative (GSI) and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI). The GDI focuses on promoting international cooperation on development, the GSI on encouraging dialogue and consultation?over?international discord, the GCI on promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, and the GGI on?the direction, principles and path for?reforming?the global governance system and institutions. The four initiatives have their respective priorities and can be pursued simultaneously. They will each be a source of positive energy for?a changing and turbulent world and?impetus for?humanity’s development and progress.
全球治理倡議“五個(gè)堅(jiān)持”核心理念，與聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則一脈相承，順應(yīng)了絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家的共同期待。改革完善全球治理，不是對(duì)現(xiàn)有國(guó)際秩序的推倒重來(lái)，也不是在現(xiàn)行國(guó)際體系之外的另起爐灶，而是增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)行國(guó)際體系和國(guó)際機(jī)制的執(zhí)行力、有效性，使之更符合變化的形勢(shì)，更及時(shí)有效應(yīng)對(duì)各種全球性挑戰(zhàn)，更好服務(wù)各國(guó)特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家利益。無(wú)論國(guó)際風(fēng)云如何變幻，中國(guó)都將堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系和以國(guó)際法為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)際秩序，堅(jiān)定站在歷史前進(jìn)的正確方向一邊，與世界上一切進(jìn)步力量攜手共進(jìn)，不斷推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體，為人類(lèi)和平與發(fā)展崇高事業(yè)作出不懈努力。
The “five core concepts” of the GGI?stem from?the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter, and respond to?the shared aspiration of most?countries. To reform and improve global governance does not mean to overturn the existing international order or to create another framework outside the current international system. Rather, the goal is to make the existing international system and international institutions better at?taking actions, working?effectively, adapting?to changes, responding?promptly and effectively to?various global challenges, and serving?the interests of all countries,?particularly?developing ones. No matter how the international landscape changes, China will remain firm in safeguarding the international system with the U.N. at its core and the international order underpinned by international law, stand firmly on the right side of history, and join hands with all progressive forces in the world to build a community with a shared future for humanity and make relentless efforts for?mankind’s noble cause of peace and development.
我們將秉持守正創(chuàng)新、開(kāi)放包容精神，堅(jiān)持共商共建共享原則，在全球治理倡議框架下，同各方加強(qiáng)政策溝通協(xié)調(diào)，凝聚廣泛共識(shí)，不斷豐富改革完善全球治理的方法路徑。
We will?uphold?principles, embrace new ideas, stay open-minded and inclusive, adhere to the principle of extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit, and work under the framework of the GGI?with all parties to enhance?policy communication and coordination, so as to build extensive consensus and enrich the methods and pathways for reforming and?improving global governance.
我們將依托聯(lián)合國(guó)、有關(guān)國(guó)際組織及區(qū)域次區(qū)域多邊機(jī)制，會(huì)同各方采取積極行動(dòng)，為改革完善全球治理貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。優(yōu)先考慮在國(guó)際金融架構(gòu)改革、人工智能、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間、氣候變化、貿(mào)易、外空等治理緊迫性突出、治理赤字較大的領(lǐng)域，以及堅(jiān)定維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)權(quán)威和核心地位，支持聯(lián)合國(guó)落實(shí)《未來(lái)契約》等方面加大溝通合作，積極凝聚共識(shí)、鎖定成果，爭(zhēng)取早期收獲。
We will leverage the platforms provided by?the U.N., relevant international organizations, and regional and subregional multilateral institutions to take active actions with all parties and contribute our thoughts?and energy to reforming?and improving global governance. Priority will be given to areas where governance is in urgent need and scant supply, such as the reform of the international financial architecture, AI, cyberspace, climate change, trade, and outer space, and to firmly upholding the authority and central role of the U.N.?and supporting the U.N. in implementing the Pact for the Future. We would like to increase?communication and cooperation in these areas to?build consensus,?identify?deliverables, and bring about?early harvests.
人類(lèi)已經(jīng)成為你中有我、我中有你的命運(yùn)共同體，加強(qiáng)全球治理是國(guó)際社會(huì)共享發(fā)展機(jī)遇、應(yīng)對(duì)全球性挑戰(zhàn)的正確選擇。中國(guó)將同各方加強(qiáng)合作，攜手探尋全球治理改革完善之道，共同開(kāi)辟和平、安全、繁榮、進(jìn)步的光明前景。
Humanity has become a closely intertwined community with a shared future.?Enhancing?global governance is the right choice for the international community to share in development opportunities and address global challenges. China will strengthen joint efforts?with all parties to explore ways to reform and improve global governance and open up a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress.
